Romanistik

The Threads of Memory: Spanish Women Workers and Work Culture in the Textile Industry of North Rhine–Westphalia

Portada del libro La emigración bejarana en Alemania (Mercede Riba)

This project contributes to the remembrance of a scarcely explored episode of Spanish cultural and social memory within a European context: the labor migration of hundreds of women from Béjar (Salamanca) to West Germany between 1960 and 1973, centered in the province of North Rhine–Westphalia, and more specifically, in the Remscheid–Wuppertal–Solingen region. From March 1960 to December 1962, the German textile company Johann Wülfing & Sohn hired more than 700 people from the province of Salamanca for its worsted spinning mills in Remscheid-Lennep and its textile mill in Dahlerau (Riba, 2023). It was this company that initiated the first wave of migration for work-related reasons: around forty women from Béjar. These women brought with them not only their labor but also their language, cultural practices, forms of sociability, and collective imagination, becoming living bearers of Spanish culture in the industrial heart of Europe.

This episode has been commemorated through a short documentary, Bejaranas en Alemania: las primeras trabajadoras de la emigración (Tierravoz, 2007). It also appears in the pages of the graphic novel Nieve en los bolsillos. Alemania 1963 by KIM (Norma Editorial, 2018). Women’s labor migration was likewise the subject of a biographical short by artist María Ruido (La memoria interior, 2002).

It has also been the focus of several works of historical and sociological research:

  • Dominick, P. (2016), Johann Wülfing & Sohn, Tuchfabrik 1674-1996: Kammgarnspinnerei 1879-1998, Chronik einer Weltfirma. Cardamina Publishing House (2nd edition).
  • Montero, M., Petuya, B. & Muñoz, A. (2011), “La mujer española en Alemania,” in La mujer española emigrante en Alemania (1960–2010). Remscheid: Coordinadora Federal del Movimiento Asociativo en Alemania, 39–77.
  • Riba, M. (2024), “Las revistas de empresa. La Chimenea de Textil Navazo S.A.. Spindle and shuttle de Johann Wülfing & Sohn.” CEB.
  • Riba, M. (2023), La emigración bejarana en Alemania (1960–1973). Aproximación sociológica. CEB.
  • Sanz Díaz, C. (2025), “Dibujar la experiencia migratoria: el viaje como narrativa intercultural en el cómic Nieve en los bolsillos. Alemania 1963, de Kim (2018),” Revista de Filología de la Universidad de La Laguna (50), 207–234.
  • Sanz Díaz, C. (2008), “Emigración de retorno desde Alemania y política migratoria durante el franquismo, 1960–1975,” Anales de Historia Contemporánea 24, 361–380.
  • Sanz Díaz, C. (2006), “Las movilizaciones de los emigrantes españoles en Alemania bajo el franquismo. Protesta política y reivindicación sociolaboral,” Migraciones y Exilios, 51–80.
  • Sanz Díaz, C. (2001), “Emigración económica, movilización política y relaciones internacionales. Los trabajadores españoles en Alemania, 1960–1966,” Cuadernos de Historia Contemporánea 23, 315–341.

The Threads of Memory aims to enrich this mosaic of remembrance with four new elements:

  1. An animated short film, directed by Alireza Darvish, to be presented at national and international festivals.

  2. A photography exhibition, curated by Carmen Pérez González with contributions from master’s students of the University of Wuppertal, held at the Johannes Rau Center and the University Library.

  3. An open-access catalog of this exhibition.

  4. An international research symposium at the Deutsches Werkzeugmuseum in Remscheid.

Inscription to the Project Seminar für Master Students of the University of Wuppertal

Partners

Logo Centro de Estudios Bejaranos

Centro de Estudios Bejaranos

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Logo UCM

Universidad Complutense University of Madrid

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Logo UB BUW

University Library of the University of Wuppertal

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Logo Coordinadora Federal

Coordinadora Federal del Movimiento Asociativo en Alemania

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Logo Bergisch Museums Network

German Tool Museum of the City of Remscheid

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Johannes Rau Library (Copyright: Jörg Hempel)

Johannes-Rau-Bibliothek der Bergischen Universität Wuppertal (Copyright: Jörg Hempel)

Kontakt

Prof. Dr. Matei Chihaia
Romanistik
Fakultät für Geistes- und Kulturwissenschaften
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
Gaussstr. 20
D-42119 Wuppertal
chihaia[at]uni-wuppertal.de